What if the biological father refuses to consent to adoption in Montana?

A father's refusal does NOT stop the adoption. This is important to understand — and it is the reality in the majority of cases we handle.

Over 80% of our 34,000+ adoptions were completed without the other parent's consent. Here is how it works in Montana:

Path 1: Abandonment (most common)

If the father has had no meaningful contact with the child for 12+ months (Mont. Code Ann. § 42-2-608), the court can terminate his rights based on abandonment — regardless of his objection.

Path 2: Contested but abandoned

Even if the father says "I don't consent," the court evaluates the facts:

• When did he last see the child?
• When did he last communicate with the child?
• Has he provided support (financial or emotional)?
• Is he a meaningful presence in the child's life?

If the answer to these is "no" for 12+ months, his verbal refusal is overridden by the court's finding of abandonment.

Path 3: True contested adoption

If the father is genuinely involved in the child's life and actively fights the adoption, it becomes contested. This is rare and may require attorney representation for the hearing.

Bottom line: A father who has been absent cannot simply refuse and block the adoption. The law protects the child's right to a stable, committed parent. File in District Court — our documents ($349) cover both consent and abandonment scenarios.